Ship trading business risk
Generally speaking, the risk refers to the result difference which in the particular case these possibly occur. If only has a result is possible, then this kind of difference is zero, thus the risk is zero; If has many kinds of possible results, then the risk exists; Between many kinds of possible result¡¯s differences to be bigger, then the risk is bigger. What risk reflection is one kind of uncertainty. This kind of uncertainty both includes the considerable world change the uncertainty, and includes the human subjective understanding to the objective world subjective understanding uncertainty.
The ships trade product has the production, the trade cycle to be long, the amount is big, investment kind of work in a factory and supplementary equipment many and so on characteristics, thus it faced with is bigger, more risks. These risks include: Constructs from the ships operation to finishes hands over in ship¡¯s time, the damage which, the deterioration, the risk of loss is constructing the ships and has imported the shipyard but not yet to use and installs this ship to come up the material which and the equipment exists; The currency devaluation risk which when the ships trade export, as a result of monetary exchange rate¡¯s change, receives bribes possibly faces; As a result of shipping market¡¯s change, the shipowner concealed or hidden weapon meets the ship to have no benefits to be gained, the risk which reasons and so on paying capacity cause or the shipowner is poor management, loses to break a promise abandons a ship and so on.
Theoretically speaking, the enterprise produces the risk which, the management faces to be possible to divide into 4 kinds approximately: Natural hazards, social risks, economic risks and behavior risk. The natural hazards are refer to by the natural forces anomalous change, causes all sorts of physical chemistry phenomenon causes material loss and personnel casualty. The social risks are the risk which produces as a result of the social environment change, like the political situation change, the war, the terrorism and so on cause political risk; Technological risks which brings by advance in technology¡¯s side effect; By initiation and so on rich and poor two levels of differentiations, ecological environment destroys, takes drugs crime social risks. The economic risks are refer to the product manufacturing, the trade, as a result of the market competition, the supply and demand fluctuation, the change of price, the enterprise creates the shipowner economic loss to the market forecast decision error. The economic risks are mainly the market risk, namely the risk which produces by the market fluctuation, the market risk is the most main risk which in the enterprise trade activity faces. The behavior risk is refers to as a result of individual or association¡¯s behavior, including error, behavior improper and intentional act to other people (association) the property or the person create catastrophe consequence. To the natural hazards, may reduce the loss which to a certain extent through the insurance it creates; To the social risks, may through the investment, the trade environment choice or the shift, avoids the loss which to a certain extent it creates; To the behavior risk, may reduces its harm through the insurance and the enterprise interior risk management. But the market risk, is actually each trade operators must undertake. Generally speaking, at present still did not have any Insurance company to be willing to undertake the risk which creates by the market fluctuation (certain exceptions, had certain developed countries to establish exchange rate risk insurance). Market risk existence, both manages for the enterprise poses the threat, and manages for the enterprise provides the opportunity, thus belongs to the speculative risk. But several other type¡¯s risk belongs to the pure risk. Besides ships construction process, existence certain risk, in ships trade process, but also has the exchange rate risk, the ship owner to abandon a ship the risk, the material equipment to rise in prices the risk, the following power provision brings risk and so on, when conclude and sign contract, should give to pay attention.